Contributors to Urbanization in Late 19th Century America

Following the end of the Civil War in 1865, the United States saw a significant transformation, particularly in urban areas. This period of urbanization was marked by rapid growth as millions migrated to cities in search of employment opportunities due to industrialization. This transformation changed the demographic landscape, cultures, and economies of many cities. Cities like New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia experienced exponential growth, welcoming diverse populations.

Which of the following factors was a primary contributor to urbanization in the United States during the late 19th century?