Cortisol's Role in Stress Response

The endocrine system plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions through the secretion of hormones. Each gland within this system releases specific hormones that can influence mood, metabolism, growth, and development, among other processes. For instance, the hypothalamus has a direct link to the pituitary gland, often deemed the ‘master gland’ due to its regulation of other endocrine glands.

Consider the relationship between stress, the adrenal glands, and the hormones they produce. The adrenal glands are vital players in the body's response to stress, releasing glucocorticoids like cortisol. Understanding the intricacies of this system can provide insight into how our bodies react to external stimuli and how various hormones interact.

Based on this information, which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for the effects of prolonged stress responses, and is secreted by the adrenal cortex?