Understanding Self-Serving Bias in Attribution Theory

In social psychology, attribution theory examines how individuals interpret events and how this relates to their thinking and behavior. When people observe others' actions, they often attribute these behaviors to either internal factors (such as personality traits) or external factors (such as situational influences). For example, if a student fails a test, one might attribute this failure to the student’s lack of preparation or to a particularly difficult exam.

Which of the following best describes the tendency to attribute one's own failures to external factors while attributing others' failures to internal factors?