Biological Constraints in Operant Conditioning

Very Hard Unit 4: Learning Biological Constraints

In the study of operant conditioning, researchers have noted that while animals can learn a variety of behaviors through reinforcement, their evolutionary history can limit the types of behaviors that are learned. This phenomenon is linked to biological constraints that affect conditioning processes. Which of the following best illustrates the concept of biological constraints in operant conditioning?

Rats learning to navigate a maze for food, despite the presence of a predatory snake.

Pigeons being trained to peck a button for food, but unable to learn to flap their wings for the same reward.

Dolphins being rewarded with fish for jumping through hoops, as this behavior is natural for them.

Dogs being trained to fetch a ball, regardless of their previous experiences with toys.

Cats being trained to use a litter box because of their instinct to dig in sandy areas.

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