Philosophical Foundations of the Declaration of Independence

The Declaration of Independence is not merely a historical document marking the American colonies' break from British rule but also embodies a set of philosophical ideas about government and individual rights. Thomas Jefferson, the principal author of the Declaration, drew heavily from Enlightenment thinkers, particularly in outlining the concept that governments derive their power from the consent of the governed.

As you analyze the Declaration of Independence, consider the various purposes it serves, including its explanations of the colonies' grievances against the British monarchy and its articulation of the principles of liberty and equality. Reflect on the differing interpretations and criticisms of its ideology, particularly concerning how it aligns with or diverges from the contemporaneous views on democracy and rights.

Which of the following statements regarding the theories underpinning the Declaration of Independence best captures its philosophical foundations?