Criticism of Intelligence Testing

In the realm of psychological assessment, intelligence tests serve as critical tools for evaluating cognitive capacities. One of the most notable figures in the development of modern intelligence testing is Charles Spearman, who introduced a statistical method known as factor analysis to explain the structure of intelligence. Spearman proposed that a general intelligence factor, termed 'g', underlies distinct cognitive abilities. Various modern intelligence tests have been developed based on his theories, influencing how scoring and interpretation are conducted today.

Which of the following statements best reflects a common criticism of the traditional methods of intelligence testing, particularly those based on Spearman's theory?