The phenomenon of "ecological succession" refers to the gradual processes through which ecosystems change and develop over time. This concept is vital in understanding how environments recover from disruptions, such as natural disasters or human interventions. There are two primary types of ecological succession: primary succession, which occurs in lifeless areas devoid of soil, such as after a volcanic eruption, and secondary succession, which occurs in areas where a disturbance has destroyed an existing ecosystem but left the soil intact, such as after a forest fire.

Further, key stages of succession involve the pioneering species, which are the first to colonize barren environments and drastically change the ecosystem's structure. Over time, these pioneers are gradually replaced by more complex communities. For instance, lichens and mosses might be the first to grow on bare rocks in primary succession, followed by herbaceous plants and eventually woody plants as conditions improve.

This process can take decades or even centuries, leading to a climactic community that can remain stable for a long time, barring any new disturbances. Understanding ecological succession is crucial in conservation efforts, habitat restoration, and impactful policy decisions concerning environmental management.