Context-dependent Memory and Retrieval Difficulties

Throughout this cognitive psychology unit, we explore various aspects of memory, including how information is encoded and later retrieved. The process of encoding involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be stored in memory systems, while retrieval pertains to accessing that stored information when needed. Consider the following scenario:

Alex has recently studied a complex theory in psychology involving multiple interpersonal factors and cognitive biases. However, while taking a practice test, he finds himself unable to recall specific details related to the theory despite having studied it thoroughly. Which of the following concepts most likely best explains why Alex is experiencing difficulty in retrieving the stored information about the theory?