Primary Cause of Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders

Trauma and stressor-related disorders are mental health conditions that arise in response to a traumatic or stressful event. These disorders can lead to symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and recurring memories of the event. Some notable disorders in this category include Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Acute Stress Disorder. In the context of these disorders, which of the following describes the primary cause of such conditions?