Adverse Effects and Contraindications of Medications in CKD and Diabetes

Very Hard Pharmacological And Parenteral Therapies Adverse Effects And Contraindications

A nurse is reviewing the medication history and current treatment plan for a patient with multiple comorbidities, including diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The patient has been prescribed several medications including ACE inhibitors, potassium-sparing diuretics, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). As part of the medication reconciliation process, the nurse must identify potential adverse effects and contraindications associated with these medications specifically due to the patient's complex health background. Which of the following adverse effects and contraindications should the nurse be aware of for the medications listed?

Select all that apply:

Hyperkalemia when using potassium-sparing diuretics in conjunction with ACE inhibitors.

Increased risk of renal function decline with the use of NSAIDs in patients with CKD.

Potential for hypotension with the concomitant use of ACE inhibitors and diuretics.

Risk of gastrointestinal bleeding associated with long-term NSAID use.

Risk of severe dehydration if diuretics are used without adequate fluid intake.

Increased risk of hyperglycemia with interactions between NSAIDs and diabetes medications.

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