Analyzing Federalism and Checks on Infrastructure Legislation

The United States has a complex system of checks and balances that impacts the effectiveness of policy-making. Analyze the following scenario:

In 2021, Congress passed a major infrastructure bill intended to address crumbling roads and bridges across the country. This bill included funding that was to be allocated to both state and local governments. However, in response, certain state governors issued executive orders defying the stipulations of the federal legislation, arguing that it imposed unjust mandates that infringed on states' rights.

Using your knowledge of the Constitution, explain how the system of checks and balances, specific court cases, and the principle of federalism might affect the implementation of this infrastructure bill amidst state resistance. Include evidence from relevant cases or constitutional provisions to support your analysis.