Affirmative Action Legal Interpretations

Hard Unit 3: Civil Liberties & Rights Affirmative Action

In recent years, courts have increasingly scrutinized affirmative action policies in higher education. In the landmark case of Fisher v. University of Texas (2016), the Supreme Court upheld the use of race as one factor among many in university admissions.

However, critics argue that such policies can lead to reverse discrimination and that they may undermine the achievements of non-minority students. Proponents of affirmative action counter that these policies are essential in addressing systemic inequalities in access to education.

Given this context, which of the following statements best characterizes a significant aspect of affirmative action as it relates to legal interpretations in the United States?

Affirmative action policies are only considered constitutional if the applicant can prove direct discrimination.

The Supreme Court has ruled that race can be a factor in admissions but cannot be the sole determining factor.

Affirmative action was ruled unconstitutional in all public institutions by the Supreme Court in 1978.

Schools can implement strict quotas for minority students as part of affirmative action.

Hint

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