During a conference on economic policies, an economist, Dr. Williams, argued that increasing funding for education directly correlates with high student performance. He supports this claim by highlighting that countries which invest significantly in education, such as Finland, consistently rank highest on international assessments. While presenting, he stated, 'If we want to enhance our academic standards, we must boost educational investments, as evidence from successful nations shows that this strategy pays off with superior student outcomes.'

After his presentation, a fellow economist challenged his conclusion by stating that correlation does not imply causation, suggesting that other factors might also influence student performance. Dr. Williams replied, emphasizing that without increased funding, it is unlikely that true improvements in student performance can be achieved.