During the lecture, the professor discussed the impact of urbanization on local ecosystems. He explained that as cities expand, natural habitats are often destroyed, leading to a decline in biodiversity. He specifically mentioned that species like the red fox adapt to urban environments by changing their foraging habits and becoming more nocturnal. However, he warned that other species, such as certain types of birds, may not adapt as well, as they rely on open spaces for nesting and foraging.
He concluded by emphasizing the importance of maintaining green spaces in urban areas to support wildlife and preserve biodiversity. He mentioned initiatives taken by some cities to create parks and green roofs, which can act as refuges for displaced wildlife.
Note: This question has been adapted from its original format to accommodate a reading-based version. In the official TOEFL exam, speaking and listening sections require verbal responses and audio prompts, which are not represented here. Please note that this adaptation may not fully reflect the nature or difficulty of the official exam. The audio feature for these sections will be available soon.