Federation and Policy-Making Dynamics

The concept of federalism is a pivotal aspect of the United States political system. As a form of governance where power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units (like states), federalism also influences policy-making across various areas such as education, healthcare, and environmental regulation.

In this context, analyze the implications of federalism in the policy-making process by identifying two significant policies implemented at the federal level and their subsequent effects on state and local governance. In your response, provide relevant examples, and explain how federalism shapes these policies as well as their outcomes.