Labor Systems in the Chesapeake Colonies

During the early years of the Chesapeake colonies, various factors contributed to the region's economic development and social structure. The agrarian focus led to the establishment of plantations, primarily reliant on tobacco cultivation, which became the backbone of the economy. However, this agricultural system also had profound impacts on labor systems and societal hierarchies. Which of the following factors most directly influenced the transition from indentured servitude to racial slavery as the primary form of labor in the Chesapeake colonies by the late 17th century?