Comparative Analysis of Marx and Mill

In the mid-19th century, two prominent thinkers, Karl Marx and John Stuart Mill, provided influential theories on the nature of society and its development. Marx argued that societal progress was driven by class struggle and economic factors. He believed that capitalism would inevitably lead to a proletarian revolution, where the working class would overthrow the bourgeoisie, resulting in a classless society. Conversely, Mill emphasized individual liberty and the importance of personal freedom, advocating for utilitarianism as a means to provide happiness for the greatest number of people. He contended that societal progress was dependent on individual rights and democratic governance.

Their perspectives reveal a fundamental conflict: while Marx prioritized collective action and economic structures, Mill championed personal freedoms as essential for societal development. A close examination shows that although both thinkers sought progress, their proposed pathways diverge significantly, illustrating the tension between collective good and individual rights.