Comparative Functions of Rough and Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Very Hard Biology Cell Structure And Function

In eukaryotic cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a crucial role in the synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is characterized by the presence of ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface, which gives it a 'rough' appearance. These ribosomes facilitate the translation of proteins that are either secreted from the cell or integrated into cellular membranes. In contrast, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification processes, and calcium storage.

Given this understanding of the endoplasmic reticulum's structure and function, which statement correctly describes a significant difference between the RER and SER?

The RER is involved in lipid metabolism, whereas the SER is primarily responsible for protein synthesis.

The RER synthesizes proteins that are typically released from the cell, while the SER synthesizes proteins for immediate cellular use.

The RER has bound ribosomes that produce secretory proteins, while the SER is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

The RER functions in calcium storage, while the SER does not play a role in calcium management.

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