Complications of Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances in CHF

A 58-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of congestive heart failure (CHF). The patient is experiencing signs of fluid overload, including edema, shortness of breath, and a cough that produces pink, frothy sputum. Laboratory results show low serum sodium (hyponatremia) and elevated B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. As a nurse, it’s crucial to identify the potential complications associated with fluid and electrolyte imbalances in this patient. Which of the following complications are relevant to this patient's condition? Select all that apply.