Connecting Ideas on Biodiversity in Ecosystems
Listen to the following lecture on the importance of biodiversity in natural ecosystems.
Professor: Good morning, everyone. Today, we will explore the critical role of biodiversity in maintaining the stability of ecosystems. Biodiversity provides the variety of life that is essential for ecosystem functions, such as nutrient cycling, pollination, and climate regulation. A diverse ecosystem is more resilient to disturbances like disease outbreaks or climate change. For instance, in a forest, different species of plants and animals contribute unique functions; some plants may be better at recovering from drought while others may thrive in wet conditions. Furthermore, biodiversity supports ecosystem services that humans rely on, from clean water to fertile soil. When we lose species, these services decline, affecting our food security and health. Invasive species can disrupt local ecosystems by outcompeting native species, further highlighting the importance of maintaining biodiversity. We must strive to protect habitats around the world to ensure that biodiversity can thrive and continue to provide for our needs.
Note: This question has been adapted from its original format to accommodate a reading-based version. In the official TOEFL exam, speaking and listening sections require verbal responses and audio prompts, which are not represented here. Please note that this adaptation may not fully reflect the nature or difficulty of the official exam. The audio feature for these sections will be available soon.
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