Defining Problem-Solving in Cognitive Psychology

In cognitive psychology, one important concept is the process of problem-solving, which involves thinking critically to find solutions to challenges. When faced with a problem, individuals often use various strategies to arrive at the solution. One approach, known as trial and error, involves attempting various solutions until one works. In contrast, algorithms are step-by-step procedures that guarantee a solution if followed correctly. Another method is heuristics, which are mental shortcuts that simplify decision-making but may not always lead to the correct answer.

Based on this information, which of the following best defines 'problem-solving' in the context of cognitive psychology?