DNA Polymerase III Functionality and Proofreading

Very Hard Biochemistry Nucleic Acids And Dna Replication

A new study on DNA replication has revealed intricate details about the mechanisms that govern the fidelity of nucleotide incorporation during DNA synthesis. The research indicates that specific enzymes play critical roles in ensuring high fidelity, primarily through proofreading and exonuclease activity. In addition, it describes how mismatched nucleotides can lead to mutations if not corrected by these enzymes. Of particular interest is the enzyme DNA polymerase III, known for its rapid synthesis rate and its ability to correct errors post-synthesis. Based on this information, which statement accurately reflects the properties and functions of DNA polymerase III during DNA replication?

DNA polymerase III synthesizes DNA in the 5' to 3' direction but lacks proofreading ability, leading to increased error rates.

DNA polymerase III is able to synthesize DNA in both the 5' to 3' and 3' to 5' directions, contributing to its high fidelity.

DNA polymerase III requires a primer with a free 3'-OH group to initiate synthesis but exhibits proofreading activity through its 3' to 5' exonuclease function.

DNA polymerase III can function without a sliding clamp, but the clamp is essential for its proofreading activities.

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