Driving Forces of Urbanization in Late 19th Century America

During the late 19th century, the rapid urbanization of American cities transformed the social, economic, and political landscape of the United States. This period saw significant changes in the way cities were structured, including the development of infrastructure, housing, and services. The influx of immigrants and migration from rural areas contributed to this urban boom, leading to both opportunities and challenges. Which of the following factors most significantly drove the urbanization of American cities between 1865 and 1898?