Effects of Chronic Cortisol Elevation

The human body relies on a variety of physiological mechanisms to respond to stressors and maintain homeostasis. One critical component of this response is the adrenal gland, which secretes hormones such as adrenaline (epinephrine) and cortisol in response to stress. These hormones play a crucial role in the 'fight or flight' response, affecting various bodily functions such as heart rate, metabolism, and immune function.

Adrenaline prepares the body for immediate action, increasing heart rate and energy availability, whereas cortisol assists in longer-term stress management by modulating inflammation and metabolism over an extended period. However, chronic exposure to elevated levels of these hormones can lead to detrimental health effects.

Considering the roles of these hormones, what is the primary physiological consequence of prolonged elevation of cortisol levels in the body?