Electron Energy Absorption in Atoms

An atom consists of a central nucleus surrounded by electrons. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, while electrons occupy different energy levels. Understanding the structure of the atom is crucial in comprehending how matter interacts with energy.

If an atom loses an electron, it becomes a positively charged ion called a cation. Conversely, if an atom gains an electron, it becomes a negatively charged ion known as an anion. Consider the energy changes involved when an electron transitions between energy levels within an atom.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the behavior of an electron when it absorbs energy?