Epigenetics and Drought Resistance in Plants

Recent studies have highlighted the role of epigenetic modifications in gene expression and how they can influence phenotypic traits without altering the underlying DNA sequence. For instance, the addition of methyl groups to cytosine bases in DNA (a process known as methylation) has been shown to silence certain genes. This phenomenon is crucial in processes such as cellular differentiation, the development of cancer, and responses to environmental factors.

Researchers conducted an experiment observing two populations of a plant species, Arabidopsis thaliana. One population was exposed to drought conditions, while the other remained under optimal watering conditions. It was noted that drought-exposed plants exhibited distinct patterns of gene expression that correlated with enhanced drought resistance. Further analysis revealed that these changes were not due to mutations in the DNA sequence but were associated with changes in DNA methylation patterns.

Based on this information, which of the following statements is most accurate in describing the relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression as it pertains to the observed drought-resistant phenotype?