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Medical College Admission Test
Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems

Evolutionary Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance

Hard Biology Evolution

The concept of evolutionary biology encompasses various mechanisms, including selection pressures that drive the evolution of species. A particularly interesting case involves the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Consider a population of bacteria exposed to an antibiotic. Not all bacteria will be equally affected; some may possess mutations that confer resistance. This leads to a scenario where the normal population declines, but the resistant bacteria may thrive and reproduce.

Which of the following describes the evolutionary mechanism primarily responsible for the increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in their environment?

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