Fatty Acid Saturation and Membrane Properties

Phospholipids are crucial components of cellular membranes, forming bilayers that provide structural integrity and function. Their unique amphipathic nature, having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, enables them to organize spontaneously in aqueous environments. This property is vital for the formation of lipid bilayers, which selectively allow substances to enter or exit cells.

In certain pathological conditions, such as atherosclerosis, the composition and organization of membrane lipids can become disrupted. This may lead to increased membrane permeability and altered signaling pathways affect cellular communication and function. A recent study evaluated the impact of varying chain lengths of fatty acyl groups on the physical properties of membrane bilayers. The researchers found significant changes in membrane fluidity when comparing phospholipids with saturated versus unsaturated fatty acids. Considering these concepts, which statement correctly explains the role of fatty acid saturation on the properties of phospholipid bilayers?