Checks and Balances in Congressional Power

In the context of the United States government, the system of checks and balances ensures that no single branch of government can dominate the others. This concept was established to maintain a separation of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, allowing each to limit the powers of the others.

Consider the following scenarios involving checks and balances:

1. The President vetoes a bill passed by Congress.

2. The Supreme Court rules a law unconstitutional.

3. Congress overrides a presidential veto.

4. The Senate confirms a presidential appointment.

Which of the following actions exemplifies the most direct and immediate check that Congress has over the executive branch?