Checks on Presidential Power: The Louisiana Purchase

In the early years following the ratification of the United States Constitution, conflicts arose regarding the balance of power among the federal branches of government. One significant event that exemplified the principles of checks and balances occurred when President Thomas Jefferson implemented the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. This action raised questions about executive power and the interpretation of the Constitution.

Consider the various actions taken by Congress, the President, and the judiciary in this scenario. Which of the following actions best exemplifies a constitutional check on presidential authority in response to the actions surrounding the Louisiana Purchase?