Understanding p-Values in Statistical Analysis

Very Hard Unit 1: Scientific Foundations Statistical Analysis

In psychological research, data is often subjected to various statistical analyses to draw meaningful conclusions. One such analysis focuses on determining whether the difference observed between groups in an experiment is statistically significant. After conducting a study comparing two groups’ performance levels, the researchers calculated the p-value. They found that their p-value was 0.04. Based on this result, what can the researchers infer about the significance of their findings?

The results are statistically significant at the 0.05 level, indicating a 4% chance that the observed difference is due to random error.

The results are not statistically significant, as a p-value below 0.01 is required for significance.

The p-value suggests a strong likelihood that the null hypothesis is false, and thus the findings are very conclusive.

The p-value indicates that the findings can be generalized to the entire population without doubt.

The results are inconclusive; further research is necessary to determine the significance of the findings.

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