Listen to the following lecture on ancient Greek philosophy and its enduring influence on modern thought:
Professor: Good morning, class. Today, I’ll be discussing ancient Greek philosophy, a cornerstone of Western intellectual tradition. We will explore key figures such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, whose ideas shaped various fields such as ethics, politics, and metaphysics. Socrates, known for his method of questioning, believed that the unexamined life is not worth living. His thoughts influenced Plato, who established the Academy in Athens and wrote extensively about forms, reality, and knowledge. Aristotle, a student of Plato, contributed to numerous fields, laying groundwork for logic and scientific inquiry. The legacies of these philosophers are evident today, as they inspire contemporary ethical theories and political frameworks. Furthermore, the Socratic method remains a powerful tool for teaching critical thinking. Over time, their philosophies have sparked debates around moral values, the nature of reality, and the pursuit of happiness, demonstrating their relevance throughout history.
Note: This question has been adapted from its original format to accommodate a reading-based version. In the official TOEFL exam, speaking and listening sections require verbal responses and audio prompts, which are not represented here. Please note that this adaptation may not fully reflect the nature or difficulty of the official exam. The audio feature for these sections will be available soon.
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