Hemodynamic Changes in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

A nurse is caring for a patient with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who recently underwent a polysomnographic evaluation. The nurse is aware that patients with OSA have altered hemodynamics due to intermittent hypoxia.

During the night, the patient experiences episodes of apnea, which correlate with dips in oxygen saturation and increased heart rate. The nurse understands that in OSA, intermittent hypoxia can lead to various cardiovascular adaptations. To ensure optimal patient care, the nurse must recognize which of the following hemodynamic changes is most likely associated with untreated obstructive sleep apnea.