Hemodynamic Factors in Heart Failure Management

A 56-year-old male patient presents to the hospital with signs of heart failure, including dyspnea on exertion and peripheral edema. The healthcare team is working to stabilize his hemodynamic status. As a nurse, you need to identify factors that can significantly affect the patient's hemodynamic parameters. Which of the following factors should you monitor closely in relation to this patient's condition? Select all that apply.