Judicial Review and Federal Authority

In the context of the United States judicial branch, the Supreme Court's power extends beyond mere interpretation of laws; it plays a pivotal role in shaping policy through its decisions. Judicial review allows the Court to invalidate legislative and executive actions contrary to the Constitution. Cases often arise that challenge existing statutes or administrative actions, prompting the Court to evaluate not just legality, but the broader implications of its rulings on social policy. Understanding the dynamics of judicial activism and restraint can further illuminate how the Supreme Court influences American governance.

Which of the following cases established a significant precedent regarding the scope of judicial review in relation to federal legislation and the balance of power among government branches?