A 65-year-old patient is brought to the emergency department after a fall at home. The triage nurse notes that the patient has a blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg, a heart rate of 120 beats per minute, and is slightly confused. The primary healthcare provider suspects this patient is in shock. The nurse recognizes that in cases of hypovolemic shock, the following physiological response is critical to help maintain perfusion: the release of hormones from the __________.