Identifying Modifiable Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease

A 52-year-old male patient visits the clinic for a routine health screening. He has a family history of cardiovascular disease, is overweight with a BMI of 29, smokes half a pack of cigarettes daily, and leads a sedentary lifestyle. As a nurse, you are required to assess his risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease and provide appropriate health promotion recommendations.

Which of the following factors is considered a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease in this patient?