Immediate Impact of the Columbian Exchange

Very Hard Period 1: 1491–1607 Columbian Exchange

During the early encounters between Europe and the Americas in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, the Columbian Exchange transformed societies on both sides of the Atlantic. This exchange involved not only the movement of goods but also diseases, agricultural products, and animals. It had profound effects on indigenous populations, European economies, and global trade patterns.

Which of the following consequences of the Columbian Exchange had the most immediate and detrimental impact on indigenous populations in the Americas?

The introduction of European livestock, such as cattle and pigs, which altered native agricultural practices.

The spread of diseases such as smallpox and measles, which decimated indigenous communities.

The influx of new agricultural products like maize and potatoes, which improved food security.

The establishment of trading systems that benefited indigenous economies and cultures.

Hint

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