Impact of McCain-Feingold on PAC Dynamics

Very Hard Unit 5: Political Participation Political Action Committees

Political Action Committees (PACs) have been a fundamental element of political campaigns in the United States, particularly since the McCain-Feingold Act of 2002 aimed at reforming campaign finance. This legislation established stricter guidelines for campaign contributions and expenditures.

In light of these regulations, it is crucial to understand the constraints and opportunities that PACs have when participating in political activities and how these have evolved post-reform.

Which of the following accurately reflects a shift in the operational dynamics of PACs as a consequence of the regulations instituted by the McCain-Feingold Act?

PACs are now limited to contributing only to federal candidates who have demonstrated a clear public support for PAC interests.

The Act eliminated the ability of PACs to operate as non-connected, independent committees, forcing them to align strictly with parties.

PACs have increasingly utilized loopholes such as Super PACs to evade contribution limits and augment their influence in elections.

The Act mandated that all PACs publicly disclose their donors, reducing the overall financial contributions from wealthy individuals.

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