Impact of Obstruction on Fluid Flow

Medium Physics Fluid Mechanics

A patient presents with a medical condition affecting their lymphatic system, leading to significant swelling in the legs. To better understand the pathophysiology of this condition, consider the principles of fluid mechanics, particularly the behavior of fluids within a closed system and how pressure influences fluid movement.

In a healthy circulatory system, fluid is maintained in balance through a combination of hydrostatic and oncotic pressures. Hydrostatic pressure, generated by the heart's pumping action, forces fluid out of blood vessels and into the surrounding tissues. Conversely, oncotic pressure, primarily due to proteins in the blood, draws fluid back into the vessels.

Imagine a simplified model where a cylindrical tube represents the blood vessel. If a significant obstruction occurs in the tube, how would this affect fluid flow and pressure within the system?

Fluid flow will increase due to the obstruction causing decreased resistance.

Fluid flow will decrease because the obstruction raises hydrostatic pressure upstream.

Fluid flow will remain unchanged since pressure in a closed system is constant.

Fluid flow will become turbulent, increasing flow velocity despite the obstruction.

Hint

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