Industrial Capitalism and Monopolies

During the late 19th century, the rise of industrial capitalism transformed the American economy, leading to significant changes in labor dynamics, urbanization, and the overall structure of society. This period witnessed the expansion of railroads, the growth of large corporations, and the emergence of new technologies. With these changes came challenges, including labor unrest and calls for reform. Which of the following developments is most closely associated with the rise of industrial capitalism in the United States during the late 1800s?