Inferring Academic Success from Physical Activity

Hard Inference Draw Conclusions

In a recent study, researchers found that children who engage in regular physical activity tend to perform better academically than those who do not. The study followed two groups of children for five years: one group participated in daily sports and physical exercises, while the other group led a more sedentary lifestyle with minimal physical exercise. The results showed that the physically active group had a higher average GPA and reported feeling more focused during class.

Although this study suggests a correlation between physical activity and academic performance, it does not prove that physical activity directly causes better academic outcomes, as other factors such as socioeconomic status, parental involvement, and access to educational resources were not controlled for in the study.

Based on this information, which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported?

Economic status is the primary influence on a child’s academic performance.

Participating in physical activity may contribute to a child's academic success.

Children who do not engage in physical activity are likely to perform poorly academically.

Physical activity guarantees improved academic performance for all children.

The findings of the study are inconclusive due to the lack of a control group.

Hint

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