Interpreting p-values in Sleep Studies

Very Hard Unit 1: Scientific Foundations Statistical Analysis

In a recent psychological study, researchers aimed to investigate the impact of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance. The researchers collected data from two groups of participants: one group that had an average of 8 hours of sleep prior to the testing, and another group that averaged only 4 hours.

After conducting a series of cognitive tasks, the results showed that the group with 8 hours of sleep performed significantly better than the 4-hour group on measures of memory recall. The researchers calculated the mean scores, standard deviation, and performed a t-test to determine the statistical significance of their findings.

Considering this context, which of the following statements correctly identifies and interprets the significance of the p-value reported from the t-test used in this study?

A p-value of 0.05 indicates that there is a 5% chance the results are due to the effect of sleep deprivation.

A p-value of 0.01 suggests that the difference in performance between the two groups is not significant.

A p-value of 0.05 means that the results are statistically significant and that we reject the null hypothesis.

A p-value of 0.10 indicates strong evidence in favor of the null hypothesis.

A p-value of 0.05 implies that there is no association between sleep and cognitive performance.

Hint

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