Cognitive Maps in Learning

Cognitive processes in learning are crucial for understanding how individuals interpret and respond to their environment. One notable theory is that of cognitive maps, which was first introduced by Edward C. Tolman. This concept arose from his experiments with rats navigating mazes. Cognitive maps suggest that organisms have mental representations of their surroundings that aid in navigation and problem-solving.

Which of the following statements best exemplifies the notion of a cognitive map in learning?