Barriers to Productivity Growth in Developing Economies

In a recent analysis of a developing economy, economists observed that despite significant increases in capital investment and human capital development, productivity growth remained sluggish. They noted that various barriers to productivity were identified, including regulatory constraints and inadequate infrastructure. The economists aimed to determine the primary contributor to the stagnant productivity growth in this context.

Which of the following barriers is most likely to have the greatest negative impact on productivity growth in the described economy?