Outcome of Engel v. Vitale on the Establishment Clause

Hard Unit 3: Civil Liberties & Rights Bill Of Rights

During the early 20th century, various Supreme Court decisions began to reshape the interpretation of the Bill of Rights, particularly regarding how rights are enforced at the state level. The incorporation of the Bill of Rights through the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause has led to various court cases that have expanded civil liberties. One of the landmark cases related to the establishment clause of the First Amendment is Engel v. Vitale (1962). This case raised important questions about the separation of church and state. Based on this historical context, which of the following statements best reflects the outcome of Engel v. Vitale with respect to the First Amendment?

The Court ruled that voluntary school-sponsored prayer is constitutional.

The Court determined that government-funded religious schools violate the establishment clause.

The Court held that state-sponsored prayer in public schools violates the establishment clause.

The Court found that the First Amendment does not apply to public education.

Hint

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