Biological Constraints in Learning

In the study of learning within the field of psychology, researchers have noted that certain species exhibit innate constraints on their capacity to learn behaviors that seem contrary to their biological predispositions. This phenomenon highlights the interaction between biological factors and learning processes. For example, a pigeon can learn to peck a disk to receive food, but it may struggle to learn to flap its wings for the same reward because this behavior is not naturally aligned with its instinctive behaviors.

Based on this understanding, which of the following statements best illustrates the concept of biological constraints in learning?