Probability of Taking Math or Science

In a class of 30 students, 18 students have taken at least one mathematics course, and 12 students have taken at least one science course. If 8 students have taken both subjects, what is the probability that a randomly chosen student has taken at least one of the two subjects?

To find this probability, you need to first determine the total number of students who have taken at least one of the subjects using the principle of inclusion-exclusion.

Let:

- A = number of students who took mathematics = 18

- B = number of students who took science = 12

- A ∩ B = number of students who took both = 8