Language Acquisition: Nature vs. Nurture

Very Hard Unit 5: Cognitive Psychology Language Development

Language development is a complex process involving both cognitive and social factors. Various psychological theories provide insight into how individuals acquire language skills. One significant debate revolves around the nature of language acquisition and the extent to which it is influenced by innate capabilities versus environmental factors. In this context, consider the theories proposed by Noam Chomsky and B.F. Skinner.

Chomsky introduced the concept of a 'universal grammar' suggesting that the ability to learn language is innate. In contrast, Skinner emphasized the role of reinforcement and conditioning in language acquisition. Additionally, aspects such as critical periods for language learning and the importance of social interaction also play crucial roles in understanding language development.

Based on this background, which of the following statements best encapsulates a widely accepted view in contemporary psychology regarding the balance of innate and learned components in language acquisition?

Language acquisition is solely dependent on environmental stimuli and reinforcement.

All aspects of language development can be explained by innate biological mechanisms alone.

Both innate biological mechanisms and environmental influences significantly contribute to language acquisition.

Social interaction is the only necessary factor for achieving language competence.

Language development is primarily a byproduct of cognitive development, independent of linguistic exposure.

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