Understanding Color Constancy in Visual Perception

The concept of visual perception encompasses multiple stages, including the processing of visual stimuli by the retina and the subsequent interpretation by the brain. One of the challenges in understanding visual perception lies in how certain features of objects are distinguished from one another, which can lead to phenomena such as perceptual constancy. Perceptual constancy allows us to perceive objects as stable despite changes in sensory input. For instance, a white piece of paper maintains its perceived color under varying lighting conditions.

In the context of perceptual constancies, which of the following mechanisms is primarily responsible for our ability to perceive an object as having a constant color despite changes in illumination?